Kretschmer et al., reported that AR blockade as well as metabolic stresses, including acidic microenvironment (pH 6.6), serum starvation, whole nutrient starvation with HBSS/HEPES or hypoxia (1% O2) induce tunneling nanotubes in PC-3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells [158]. Here, AR is linked to prostate carcinoma.