Future efforts will be focused on elucidating a direct effect of lncRNA SRA-related CD4+ Treg cells on the apoptosis of human β cells (EndoC-βH1) using a co-culture assay, and designing rational combinatorial therapies to maximize the therapeutic effect of SRA/lactate suppression and identify T1D patients who are most likely to benefit from these approaches. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.