IFNG and viral infectious disease: Interestingly, we observed amplifying activity of Th1 and Th17 responses in the colonic epithelium, with IFNγ stimulation resulting in the upregulation of IL22RA1. A similar synergism between IFNγ and IL-22 receptors was previously found to play a central role in protection against viral infections in the intestine,37 highlighting the complex amplifying interaction between these evolution-related cytokines.