The calprotectin complex is abundant in arteritic lesions and its plasma levels were shown to reflect activity in GCA: despite not being able to outperform traditional biomarkers, the addition of calprotectin and S100A12 levels to a predictive model composed of ESR and CRP improved the ability of the Birmingham Activity Score (BVAS) to discriminate between active and inactive TA and GCA [104•]. This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and temporal arteritis.