Immunohistochemistry (IHC) demonstrated a substantial and significant upregulation of TNFR1 expression in cortical macroneurons in layers II–III and V–VI in MS GM, with no apparent reactivity in microglia, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes (Fig. 1a–c). The gene discussed is TNFRSF1A; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.