TNF and liver dysplastic nodule: Then, activated NF-κB increases the accumulation of IL-1β, ICAM-1, and TNF-α and induces glomerular macrophage secretion and CD4+ Th17 T cell infiltration in glomerular and tubulointerstitial cells, eventually enhancing proximal tubule and tubulointerstitial inflammation and DN progression (Lan, 2011) (Figure 8).