miR-1908, miR-141/200a or miR-192 mimic experiments showed a positive effect on TGF-β1/2 upregulation and inflammatory responses (cytokine production, macrophage secretion and T cell infiltration), suggesting that miR-1908, miR-192, and miR-141/200a are not only biomarkers but also potential mediators of inflammation in DN by regulating the TGF-β-NF-κB pathway (Kato et al., 2011; Xie et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and liver dysplastic nodule.