Interestingly, we also find genes that encode for transcription factors (e.g., IRF4 and ETS1) that are essential for the differentiation of T helper 1 (Th1) cells (Grenningloh et al., 2005; Mahnke et al., 2016), the key players in the pathogenesis of CeD. This evidence concerns the gene IRF4 and cranioectodermal dysplasia.