INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of ALO on T2DM, proteins from insulin target tissues (primarily skeletal muscle, adipose tissues and liver) were analyzed by western blotting assays, and the results revealed that ALO increased the expression of GLUT4 and activated the phosphorylation of PKC and Akt in insulin target tissues of T2DM rats (Figure 10).