AKT1 and cancer: Categories of genes whose expression was up-regulated in the hypertrophic plantaris muscle of control animals included PI3K-Akt signaling, focal adhesion, pathways in cancer, phagosome, and proteoglycans in cancer, whereas those whose expression was down-regulated included metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of antibiotics, calcium signaling pathway, and insulin signaling pathway (Supplemental Fig. 2C,E).