The aggregation of AGEs decreases the levels of the most important cellular antioxidant peptides, glutathione (GSH), SIRT1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3), accompanied by increased oxidative stress and inflammation, promoting inflammatory liver injury and fibrosis in experimental animal models and NAFLD patients55–57,124–126. Here, TIMP3 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.