INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Their education needs were related to caring for students with insulin pumps or glucagon injections rather than knowledge of the pathology of diabetes; thus, the use of advanced diabetes techniques such as insulin pumps [6,7,8,9,15,16,22,24,25], the use of diabetes equipment such as glucose monitors [7,9,16,17,22], and the recognition and treatment of hypoglycemia in emergency situations [6,15,16,23,24,25] should be emphasized in T1DM CE.