HIF1A and Sepsis: Using a VIDD model of mice after LPS treatment, we investigated the effects of LMWH on (1) HIF-1α expression associated with the development of diaphragm damage during MV; (2) oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine production, and endotoxin-enhanced diaphragm injury; (3) HIF signaling in cases of VIDD with sepsis; and (4) HIF signaling in cases of apoptosis of diaphragm muscle fibers with sepsis.