EPO and chronic kidney disease: Chen et al. [18] (NCT02652819) conducted a parallel study in patients with CKD treated with renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis), comparing the effectiveness of roxadustat and erythropoietin alfa: 305 patients were enrolled into the study, all of them with end-stage renal insufficiency and on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis treatment for at least 16 weeks, aged between 18 and 75 years.