Primary human monocyte-derived exosomes enter endothelial cells and cause dysfunction via the TLR4 and NF-kB pathways, which induce the mRNA and protein expression of the adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), chemokine ligand (CCL)-2, and cytokine interleukin (IL)-6, which may contribute to heart disease in HIV infection and other diseases involving CIA [43]. The gene discussed is ICAM1; the disease is heart disorder.