TNF and COVID-19: Besides, hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 indicated high levels of cytokines including IL-10, IL-7, IL-2, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), C-X-C motif chemokine 10/interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (CXCL10/IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1A), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) [19].