PFKFB3 and infection: We also repressed cellular glycolysis via Pfkfb3 knockdown in RAW264.7 cells before STM infection, and found that crp, vrpA, and pgtP transcription of the intracellular STM was significantly decreased upon Pfkfb3 knockdown (Supplementary Fig. 5h), further confirmed the induction of vrpA, pgtP, and crp expression in response to glucose limitation.