The defective response to AIEC in macrophages with compromised PTPN2 function is of clear clinical importance given the elevated levels of AIEC found in intestinal biopsies from IBD patients.5 In addition to explaining the alteration in microbial composition in PTPN2 variant carriers, our findings identify additional mechanisms how PTPN2 variants contribute to an increased risk of developing IBD. The gene discussed is PTPN2; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.