CXCR4 and colorectal carcinoma: In addition to these general markers for stemness, it has been well-documented that CD24, CD44, CD133, LGR5, ALDH1, CXCR4, DCLK1, and EpCAM (also known as ESA) can also be used to identify CRC CSCs [2,19,20,33,34,38,39,40,41].