TARDBP and Parkinson disease: In PD, clumping of α-synuclein into so-called Lewy bodies in dopaminergic neurons is believed to play an important role in neuroinflammation and eventually neurodegeneration, while in ALS, the aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in cell stress granules may contribute to disease pathology, neuroinflammation, and motor neuron death.