TNF and melanoma: Interestingly, Colunga and colleagues, investigating in melanoma the anti-tumor activity of an oncolytic virus DPK in DPK-treated melanoma xenografts, observed an upregulation of HSPB8, Beclin-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and the activation of caspase-1 and pyroptosis cell death-related protease [86].