AR and prostate carcinoma: We demonstrate that metformin in combination with abiraterone or enzalutamide has prominent anti-proliferative effects, decreases AR and ARv7 levels, and induces cell death in androgen sensitive prostate cancer cells via recruitment of two PARP-1-dependent cell death pathways, including via enhanced cleavage of PARP-1 and enhanced production of PAR with an associated increase in nuclear cAIF accumulation.