A prospective study including 664 T2D patients showed that the baseline DPP-4 activity was an independent predictor of an increase in inflammatory markers and the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) over a 4-year period, suggesting that the serum DPP-4 activity is an important predictor of the onset of DKD [22]. Here, DPP4 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.