SPDL1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Regardless, we did not test the hypothesis that sPD-L1 can be a tumor marker for the diagnosis of CCRCC, but we did show evidence supporting the idea that it can be a good marker to evaluate prognosis for CCRCC patients when they are taken as a whole, and also in the subset of metastatic patients being treated with the IMDC model.