CX3CR1+ macrophage-derived IL-10 is not required to tame colitis in mice; however, IL-10R expressed by macrophages is essential to prevent fulminant enterocolitis with upregulated pro-inflammatory genes, including Nos2, Il23a, Ccl5, Ccr7, and Saa3 [205]. This evidence concerns the gene CX3CR1 and colitis.