Moreover, the addition of testicular paracrine/autocrine factors (IL-1α or TNF-α), that also produce by testicular cells under physiological conditions, to these cultures showed no effect of IL-1α on the percentages of premeiotic or meiotic/post-meiotic cells, while TNF-α significantly increased the percentage of CD9-positive cells compared to BC (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and breast cancer.