Tumor-promoting effects of MSC-derived exosomes were observed by activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling, transfer of tumor suppressor miR-15a, miR-410, protection against cell stress, decrease of tumor cell apoptosis, exchange of MMP-2 and ecto-5′ nucleosidase and promotion of angiogenesis [70]. Here, MAPK3 is linked to neoplasm.