Although small molecule or peptide-based inhibitors against individual neutrophil serine proteases have been extensively explored in the past 50 years, efforts of the pharmaceutical industry so far have created very little impact in the clinic except for alpha-1-antitrypsin augmentation therapy in emphysema patients with congenital alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA1 and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4.