A subgroup of NSCLC patients, characterized by a high prevalence in never-smoker Asian females, respond well to epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), due to the presence of sensitizing EGFR mutations, including the L858R point mutation in exon 21 and exon 19 deletions [3,4]. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.