The growth factors FGF1, FGF5, and PDGFB were all downregulated by PGE2 and upregulated by FGF2, whereas HGF, shown to be antifibrotic (30) and deficient in IPF fibroblasts (31), was upregulated by PGE2 but downregulated by FGF2. This evidence concerns the gene FGF1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.