ESM1 and cancer: The genes that were downregulated by tetraarsenic hexoxide, including Igfbp3, Esm1, Il1a, Fgfbp1, Cxcl1, Cxcl5, Mmp10, and Mmp13, which have been implicated in cancer progression, were highly involved in cell growth and transcriptional misregulation in cancer, compared to those in the control tissues (Fig. 6B, C).