As described above WES and comparative analysis identified 11 novel genes (KMT2C, ARID1A, NBPF10, CSMD1, MAP4K3, COX5B, ACTN3, CFTR, LRRC7, PRKCG, and SENP3) that were significantly associated with HCC in our Chinese population. Here, MAP4K3 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.