As described above WES and comparative analysis identified 11 novel genes (KMT2C, ARID1A, NBPF10, CSMD1, MAP4K3, COX5B, ACTN3, CFTR, LRRC7, PRKCG, and SENP3) that were significantly associated with HCC in our Chinese population. This evidence concerns the gene CSMD1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.