We found that patients with WM_Score-low exhibited significant clinical benefits and had a markedly prolonged overall survival in both anti-PD-L1 cohorts, including the IMvigor210 cohort [68] (Fig. 6c; log-rank test, p = 0.022) and the bladder cancer cohort [69] (Fig. 6i; log-rank test, p = 0.0065). Here, CD274 is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.