XIAP and neoplasm: As reported before for XIAP and Survivin, compared to normal mucosa and non-metastatic lymph node tissues, LIVIN expression is also significantly overexpressed in CRC and correlates with poor patient survival [111], tumor stage, lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis [112] that may originate from triggering NF-κB activation and its downstream targets fibronectin and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) as reported for prostate cancer invasion [80].