TMPRSS2 and prostate carcinoma: For example, the TMPRSS2–ERG fusion protein, the most common fusion in prostate cancers, mediates overexpression of E26 transformation-specific (ETS) family transcription factors in response to androgen and thus aberrantly activates downstream oncogenes that play important roles in many biological processes, including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasiveness [45,46].