Other drivers previously implicated in canine and human OSA, observed here as large-scale alterations include TP53, WRN, PTEN, CDKN2A/B and DLG2. PTEN is an inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt pathway that is crucial for cell growth and survival especially in times of stress. This evidence concerns the gene CDKN2A and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.