TGFB1 and cancer: ILCs are very plastic cells (Bal et al., 2020), and it has been reported that, in the cancer setting, tumor-derived TGF-β drives the transition of NK cells to dysfunctional and pro-tumoral ILC1s in vivo, a novel mechanism exploited by tumors to prevent the establishment of an innate anti-tumor response (Gao et al., 2017).