In one study that included 27 ICI-treated HCC patients who underwent pre-treatment tumor mutation profiling, 10/10 of HCC patients with tumors bearing CTNNB1 or AXIN1 mutations experienced progressive disease compared to 5/17 patients with tumors that did not have these β-catenin activating mutations (100% vs. 29%, P < 0.001)[16]. This evidence concerns the gene AXIN1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.