The opposite effects of miR-223-3p in cardiac hypertrophy progression and heart failure may result from different stimuli and species to establish models of cardiac hypertrophy, considering different mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy inducers such as endothelin-1, phenylephrine, or isoproterenol, and the species variation such as rats, mice, and human. The gene discussed is EDN1; the disease is cardiac hypertrophy.