Mechanistically, macrophage polarization is regulated by a variety of signaling molecules and associated pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and the janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, which are all associated with RA (Kubo et al., 2018; Li H. et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and rheumatoid arthritis.