In contrast, TGF-beta-TGFBR-1 signaling has been involved in the promotion of BC angiogenesis through MMP-9 upregulation and through CAF-secreted TGF-beta and SDF-1 in HCCs (Safina et al., 2007; Yang J. et al., 2016). Here, TGFBR1 is linked to breast cancer.