The BMAL1/CLOCK heterodimer controls the rhythmic transcriptional activation of Nrf2 in the murine lungs, and a disruption of the circadian clock in ClockΔ19 mutant mice resulted in a loss of rhythmicity in the NRF2-mediated antioxidant defense, which is linked to elevated oxidative damage and pulmonary fibrosis (37). This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and pulmonary fibrosis.