AKT1 and breast carcinoma: A novel oleanane-type triterpene saponin D rhamnose β-hederin was isolated from Clematis ganpiniana and revealed a strong antiproliferative and apoptotic activity on various breast cancer cell lines through inhibiting the PI3K/AKT and activating the ERK signaling pathways; additionally, the compound regulated the ratio of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins and induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization, thus releasing Apaf-1 and cytochrome C into the cytosol where they activated caspases 9 and 3 (78).