53,54 Pathogen-derived 60 kDa chaperonin induces pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro55 and mice infected with Yersinia enterocolitica produce 60 kDa chaperonin-specific T cells involved in anti-pathogenic immune response.53 Serum antibodies specific for H. pylori Hsp60 were also reported in patients with gastric cancer.56 Our data suggest that Hh is involved in disease development and that the Hh 60 kDa chaperonin is an immunodominant antigen in the CD40-mediated colitis model. Here, CD40 is linked to colitis.