Previous studies showed that elevated miR-378a in WAT counteracts obesity by enhancing lipolysis and thermogenesis, (58, 59) whereas elevated miR-378a in hepatic tissue impairs glucose homeostasis.61–63 Considering increased liver steatosis and hepatic triglyceride in obese mice by miR-378a, this is most likely because the impairment of hepatic insulin signaling by miR-378a counteracts adipose miR-378a-improved glucose homeostasis. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.