RARB and lung carcinoma: [71] where ATRA significantly inhibited the growth of Calu-6 and H460 cells. While this was accompanied by induction of RARβ expression, it had little effect on the growth of H292, SKMES-1 and H661 lung cancer cell lines in which RARβ expression was not induced. In a recent study by Zhang et al. [72], human mesenchymal stem cells were used as a model for stem cell differentiation and together with a number of cancer cell lines, the cellular consequences of modulating RXRα during cell differentiation was determined, in addition to potential connections with the carcinogenesis process.