Although this study involved only a relatively small number of melanoma patients who received anti-CTLA-4 checkpoint therapy, we demonstrated an almost identical relationship between NLRC5 and differentiation of non-responders from responders of anti-PD-1 checkpoint therapy, albeit mutation/neoantigen load data was not available for us to fully replicate our model (Fig. 5). Here, CTLA4 is linked to melanoma.