While some of these associations were known, such as with PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 with hepatic steatosis and HLA variants with primary sclerosing cholangitis, many were novel, such as between primary sclerosing cholangitis and a missense mutation in SLC17A1, which is involved in phosphate and urate transport. This evidence concerns the gene PNPLA3 and sclerosing cholangitis.