TNF and neoplasm: The PGE2 secreted by tumor cells also can stimulate bone marrow-like cells to secrete cancer-promoting CXCL1, IL-6 and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and inhibit the secretion of TNF-α and IL-12 in myeloid cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inhibit the activation of type I interferon-dependent innate immune cells, and inhibit T cells from targeting tumor antigens, and then achieve the purpose of immune escaping and tumorigenesis [89].