CDA and neoplasm: The pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine in tumor cells is regulated by human equilibrative nucleoside transporters (hENTs)-mediated uptake, activation by deoxycytidine kinase (DCK), and inactivation by cytidine deaminase (CDA), deoxycytidylate deaminase (DCTD), and cytosolic 5′-nucleotidases (NT5C1A) (Figure 2).