For colon cancer, statistical analysis showed the primary site mutations with combined frequency in primary and metastatic sites of 0.8 in APC and TP53 that are the major drivers followed by KRAS (F = 0.4), PIK3CA (F = 0.32), BRAF (F = 0.2) and SMAD4 (F = 0.17) pathogenic mutations respectively (Figure 4A). Here, SMAD4 is linked to colonic neoplasm.